Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the educational landscape, offering both opportunities and challenges. As AI tools become more prevalent in classrooms, educators are grappling with questions about their appropriate use.
The Rise of AI in Education
AI in education refers to the integration of machine learning algorithms and data analytics to enhance teaching and learning processes. From personalised learning platforms to automated grading systems, AI tools are increasingly being adopted in educational settings.
In Australia, the adoption of AI in schools is gaining momentum. A 2024 poll by YouGov revealed that 46% of Australians aged 18–29 have a positive attitude towards AI in the classroom, compared to just 23% of those over 65. This generational divide highlights the need for educators to understand and address varying perceptions of AI among students and colleagues.
AI is already being used in schools through adaptive learning platforms like Century Tech and Mathspace, which adjust content based on student performance. Generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Canva’s Magic Write are also becoming popular, especially for brainstorming and idea generation. These tools can support differentiated learning and reduce teacher workload when used appropriately.
Benefits of AI for Students
Personalised Learning
AI-powered platforms can tailor educational content to individual student needs, adapting to their learning pace and style. This personalisation can lead to improved engagement, knowledge retention, and academic outcomes.
For example, tools like SRA Reading Laboratory or Smart Sparrow use AI algorithms to identify where a student is struggling and adapt activities accordingly. This targeted support can be especially helpful in mixed-ability classrooms.
Immediate Feedback
AI tools can provide instant feedback on assignments and quizzes, allowing students to find and address their mistakes promptly. This immediate response enhances the learning process and helps students stay on track.
Platforms such as Google Forms with AI-based auto-marking or platforms like Grammarly and Turnitin’s Draft Coach offer real-time suggestions that help students self-correct, fostering independence and reflection.
Administrative Efficiency
For teachers, AI can automate routine tasks such as grading, attendance tracking, and lesson planning. This not only reduces workload but also allows educators to focus on instructional planning and student support.
AI systems can also flag patterns in student performance or behaviour, offering early intervention opportunities.
Accessibility
AI technologies can aid students with disabilities by offering features like speech-to-text, text-to-speech, and language translation, making learning more inclusive. AI-powered reading apps like Microsoft’s Immersive Reader improve access for students with dyslexia or ESL backgrounds.
A 2023 report by the Australian Human Rights Commission highlighted how AI-driven assistive technologies are helping to close the accessibility gap in education.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations with AI
Academic Integrity
The use of AI tools raises concerns about plagiarism and the authenticity of student work. Generative AI can produce essays, solve math problems, and generate code. Educators must set up clear guidelines to ensure that students use AI ethically and responsibly.
According to the University of Sydney, more than 30% of students surveyed in 2023 admitted to using AI for written assignments. While not all use was considered misconduct, this statistic underlines the need for robust digital literacy education.
Equity and Access
Not all students have equal access to AI technologies, potentially widening the digital divide. Students from low-income backgrounds may lack the devices, internet access, or AI literacy to benefit equally.
Educators and policymakers must work to ensure equity through device access programs, inclusive edtech procurement, and teacher professional development.
Data Privacy
The use of AI involves the collection and analysis of student data, raising privacy concerns. Schools must ensure that data is handled securely, transparently, and in compliance with privacy regulations like the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth).
Teachers should be cautious when using third-party AI tools and ensure any data shared is de-identified and compliant with school policy.
Overreliance on Technology
There is a risk that students may become overly dependent on AI tools, potentially hindering the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Students need to understand how AI works, question its suggestions, and validate information independently.
A balanced approach that combines AI tools with traditional learning methods and peer collaboration is key to preserving essential cognitive skills.
Ethical Use of AI in Education
To address these challenges, the Australian government released the “Australian Framework for Generative Artificial Intelligence in Schools” in December 2023. This framework provides guidance for the ethical and responsible use of AI in educational settings, emphasising transparency, accountability, and student well-being.
The framework encourages schools to:
- Involve educators and students in decision-making about AI tools
- Clearly communicate expectations around AI use in assessments
- Prioritise tools that are inclusive, secure, and evidence-based
Additionally, universities like the University of Queensland have developed resources to help students use AI ethically, including checklists that promote critical evaluation of AI-generated content, ethical citation, and originality. These resources can be adapted for use in high school classrooms.
The Impact of AI on Students
The integration of AI in education can significantly impact students’ learning experiences. When used appropriately, AI can enhance engagement, provide personalised support, and prepare students for a technology-driven workforce.
Of course, without proper guidance, it may also lead to ethical dilemmas, reduce independent thinking, and exacerbate existing inequalities.
Australian schools are beginning to explore the role of AI literacy in their curricula. Programs such as the CSER Digital Technologies Education initiative, backed by the University of Adelaide, are developing teacher resources on AI ethics and coding fundamentals.
Teachers are also increasingly expected to model ethical digital citizenship by guiding students through practical examples — such as prompting students to reflect on when it’s appropriate to use ChatGPT and when it isn’t.
Should Students Use AI?
The question “Should students use AI?” doesn’t have a simple yes or no answer. Instead, it requires a nuanced, informed approach. AI tools are neither inherently good nor bad – their impact depends on how they are introduced, supported, and supervised within educational settings.
When integrated responsibly, the benefits of AI for students – from accessibility to academic support – can be significant. That said, educators must remain vigilant to ensure that the ethical use of AI in education is always prioritised.
Educators should:
- Co-create guidelines for AI use with students
- Promote AI literacy and critical evaluation skills
- Provide equitable access and support for disadvantaged students
- Regularly assess the impact of AI tools on learning outcomes
As AI continues to evolve, it will inevitably play an increasingly influential role in education. Through careful planning, ethical guidance, and inclusive practices, educators can harness the potential of AI tools for students while safeguarding core educational values.
By encouraging curiosity, digital responsibility, and adaptability, teachers can help students thrive in an AI-enhanced learning environment – equipping them not just to consume AI content, but to think critically and creatively alongside it.
